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This question was answered on Wed 31, Mar 2010 06:27pm by Dr.Kokil Mathur
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Liver Disease / Liver Cancer???



Asked by lisamsmith (Male; 79; My father is a Caucasian 79 years old with diarrhea the following past medical history: - controlled high
blood pressure - melanoma successfully treated (face) 5 yrs ago - somewhat elevated cholesterol (201 total
chol. as of one month ago) - No alcohol use other than occasional social drinking. No alcohol use at all in
3 months. - Previously has been in general good health and active. - No prior surgeries of any kind or any
other chronic health conditions; Relevant drugs:- Blood pressure med and med to lower cholesterol, neither of
which are new meds to him )
on Wed 31, Mar 2010 04:13pm :

His current state has the following history of onset: - 8 weeks ago, began having diarrhea which continues to this date and keeps him up at night having to go every few hours - Sharp very intense lower right quadrant pain that started 6 weeks ago, lasted a few days but stopped and has not returned - Fatigue / loss of energy - Nausea, feeling as though needs to burp but cannot - Weight loss of 31 pounds over the last 6 months (weight was 221 now 190). Has improved his diet to healthier (reduced cholesterol die) eating a month ago. TESTS PERFORMED: December 2009 @ reg checkup visit, routine SGOT, SGPT, GGTP performed. Only abnormal was GGTP, which was 92 as compared to the lab's stated normal range of 7-64. March 2010 - retested SGOT, SGPT, GGTP, and only the GGTP was elevated, but had improved to 82. Tests for hepatitis all negative. Doctor suspects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. March 2010 - abdominal ultrasound with emphasis on liver area - completely normal March 2010 - still having problems, referred for ct of abdomen which revealed mass 15 cm x 10 cm x 8 cm in one lobe of liver "suspicious for hepatocellular carcimona". Now has been referred for biopsy next week. QUESTION: Is it plausible that such a mass could be missed by ultrasound? This does not make sense to me. Is there any differential diagnosis given his history? Your input is very sincerely appreciated.
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Answer by Dr.Kokil Mathur (doctor) on Wed 31, Mar 2010 06:27pm:

Hi! Thanks for the question on the forum. Yes, it is possible to miss a lump on ultrasound and catch that on CT scan. This is because a CT takes thin slices of images and thus gives a more accurate picture. Also an elevated GGTP indicates either a tumor or an obstruction to bile duct. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or any other imaging technique may be needed for definitive diagnosis. Possibility of a raised serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increased prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR), and maybe a raised ESR and anemia should be looked into. Please follow up with a hepatologist. The other possibility is that your father has developed an inflammatory bowel condition such as IBS, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease or has some parasitic infestation such as giardiasis or round worm. Hence a stool test should be done. Also you may need to follow up with a gastroenterologist. It is difficult to comment much beyond this. Please explore the above possibilities and consult the respective specialists. Please feel free to ask anything else you may want to know. Take care!

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Comments:

Comment by Dr. Srivastava on Thu 01, Apr 2010 02:40am:
Hi, I completely agree with Dr Kokil that efficacy of CT scan is definitely much higher than ultrasound but I wonder a missed mass of 15 cm in ultrasound. Or there could be another possibility that mass grew vigorously between the appointments of ultrasound and CT scan. This mystery can be solved only after a biopsy report of the tissue. His GGTP is increased which provides us indocations of liver or bile duct abnormalities. In either of these cases your father may definitely have any paleness of skin, any yellowish discoloration , itching, abdominal discomfort etc. Other differentials apart from those mentioned by Dr Kokil can be hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma which are benign in nature. Your hepatologist is in best position to explain and rule out these possibilities in his case. For any further medical information do keep us posted. Take care.

Comment by Dr. Srivastava on Thu 01, Apr 2010 02:49am:
Hi, Other rare possibility could be metastasis of melanoma which was treated earlier as melanoma has tendency of invasion of deeper skin tissues which even if a minute number of abnormal cells left can travel to liver, lymph nodes and other organs of the body. There are chances even if the best treatment inducted due to notorius nature of melanoma. Elevation of Lactate dehydrogenase enzyme is a marker in diagnosis of metastasis of melanoma. Please get that too evaluated with your doctor. Hope this helps.

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